IEP/504 for ADHD
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- 504 for ADD and fair expectations for teacher communication
- Should I request an IEP for 7 year old with ADHD?
504 for ADD and fair expectations for teacher communication
Feb 2011
I'm hoping other parents will help me form reasonable expectations for teacher communications in the context of a 504 plan for a child with learning problems in a public school.
I'm in the process of seeking a 504 plan for my middle- schooler, who has been diagnosed with ADD. The ADD manifests as extreme difficulty with organizing time, paper, tasks and information.
In a meeting with the classroom teachers, I expressed that what would be most helpful would be for me to have current information about upcoming tests and assignments, and to be told promptly when my child fails to turn in work or is unprepared. All the teachers acknowledge that my child's sole problem seems to be organization, and I've done my best to explain that despite trying hard, my child often cannot even tell me what the homework is for the next day, and constantly loses papers and worksheets despite real effort, making it very hard for me to help.
The school's position is that I am unreasonable in asking whether all teachers could post assignments, worksheets, and a calendar on-line, and that it is highly unreasonable to ask that individual teachers let me know quickly when work is not turned in. Meanwhile, this is what would help, and is the only thing I am asking for. I myself have taught, and acknowledge that this is a lot of work (but I did it!). I have a demanding job with long hours, and other children and family members to attend to, so really need the school's cooperation to effectively support my child's sincere effort to stay on top of things.
Is up-to-date, on-line, access to a current list of homework assignments and upcoming tests, and prompt notice (within two days, say) when a child fails to hand in work too much to ask for in a 504 plan? Sincere thanks for sharing your experiences and perspectives. Perplexed parent
I'm sorry that I don't have clear advice, but I've been banging my head against a wall dealing with a private school with this issue. Most of the teachers seem utterly incapable of timely posting assignments and it is like pulling teeth to get info/status from them. My daughter has the exact same issues (she is a few years older).
That being said, my understanding is that you have greater rights in public schools for accommodations. And there are plenty of schools where teachers are able to post assignments and provide timely updates to parents about missing assignments, etc. There are computer programs that I've seen implemented for both public and private schools, although they may not be used until middle school. (At my daughter's prior school, the teachers managed to post accurate assignment AND communicate with me if about missing homework. It CAN be done.)
If your child is 9, I assume she has one primary teacher. If she has an assignment book, have the teacher review it every day, initial the assignments for the next day, and note any missing homework. This is not an outrageous request. (If your daughter does not have an assignment book, she needs one.)
I'm looking forward to hearing other posters' input. In the meantime, best of luck. I feel your pain! Frustrated mom
Yes it is unreasonable because most of the teachers probably don't organize the work that way. You need to talk to them/email them as individuals (maybe choosing the most problematic subjects) and find out how they organize the work, and how you can get feedback on how your son is doing. For example, I hand out a chapter homework sheet, and parents can look at the sheet each day, and check that their child has done the homework. I also make arrangements for types of notebooks for children with organizational troubles to help them organize their work, and me to find that work. My main suggestion is that you (or someone else -- your partner, a tutor) sit down with your child every day, supervise the homework, and help him put it in the notebook/folder for the next day. There are tutors that specialize in teaching students how to organize their work.
Remember about 6 hours a day is spent in direct contact with students, and meetings (like 504s). Then another couple of hours are spent preparing materials for the next day. The paperwork part of teaching comes after all the rest of the work, so by asking teachers to add more paperwork to their days you are going to make it more difficult for them to do what is needed to help your child and the other children learn. anon
I think you are demanding WAY WAY too much of your child's teachers. I would never even consider asking so much of a teacher. Never. Your child is one of over a hundred kids (if this is a typical middle-school) that each of these teachers is responsible for educating. Your unreasonable request will impact the amount of attention the teacher can equitably give to all the students that deserve his/her time. Please - no one child is so ''special'' as to deserve so much particular attention. You clearly have resources and time to spare. I believe it is incumbent upon YOU to make sure that your child is learning. I totally support your school administration and teachers in refusing your request. Perhaps your family is better suited for a private school. my two cents
Yes. Its alot. You are not taking into account how many students these teachers have, and as PROFESSIONALS all the other things they have to do, it is ALOT to ask. BUT I do think sending you a quick email about if work was turned in or not is appropriate.that's something that could maybe happen every day. been teaching for 11 years
What may be new information for you is that the job of teaching has become much more demanding over the last five years. I rather suspect that what you want from teacher's may be more than they can reasonably do. So I was wondering how you could accomplish your goal without daily teacher feedback. Am wondering if you could create a structure for your son using pictures of each step he is to follow to get the homework home. That might take feedback from the individual teacher of how and when their homework is assigned. Perhaps checking to see that each teacher has a routine or is willing to establish one would work? I rather suspect the routines are in place. This might shift the focus from more work for teachers, who are probably overwhelmed already, to helping your child learn to function better in the world.
In addition, have seen changes to a child's diet and organic supplements make a huge difference in a child's attention span. I would always know the day the routine hadn't been followed from the child's behavior. Also, know from first hand experience, that there are patches and meds available to help with the problem that may be very beneficial without side effects. anon
As a parent of a child with a learning disability I have been in your shoes, and this is what I learned, the hard way... it doesn't matter how reasonable your demands are or how well they will help your child, when teachers don't agree to making an accommodation they aren't going to make it. Even if they are legally required to accommodate they will not really do it and it is very hard to prove that they haven't. Meanwhile your child is the one who suffers. Eventually I realized that it was more important for my child's self esteem to be in a setting that was supportive and where his needs would be met than it was to fight for his right to stay in a traditional setting with teachers who were narrow minded and judgemental. Maybe you will get further with your son's school than I did with mine... I hope you do. I found it better for my family to bite the bullet and pay for a private school that specialized in learning disabilities so that I wouldn't have to fight for my son to receive the mediocre/half-hearted accommodations that were the best I could hope for from a resistant school. in a better place now
Hi! I am a middle school teacher at a school east of the tunnel. I'll share with you our school/district policies regarding communication.
At our school we currently use an online forum (schoolnotes) to post homework and assignments. I post the assignments there daily. Others have a calendar for the month. We have an online grading program in our district and we are expected to update our gradebook at least every two weeks. Most at our school update weekly. Two days for an assignment seems like very quick turnaround (especially for more in-depth assignments that require greater time to analyze and grade, such as essays or lab reports). It seems reasonable to ask if your child turned in a lab report (via a quick email on your part, ''Just checking that Johnny turned in his Plant lab!'') but that wouldn't be practical for a daily math homework assignment. Without knowing more about the school set-up and teachers/subject matter that is a particular problem , I can't comment more on this. I can tell you, though, that if you have a specific question about the status of an assignment, your best bet is to send a quick, friendly email.
We don't have any policy on posting worksheets online. Many new textbook adoptions have an online component and students can log in and access the student worksheets there. I, personally, post directions to projects online, but not teacher created worksheets for each day. That could be a problem for many teachers due to scanning and uploading ablities.
I hope that your son is able to work with a resource teacher or academic counselor at school to help find an organizational system that works for him. One strategy that works well with (most) of our 6th graders is to have ONE special folder for all homework/notes home (not by subject matter). Completed work comes back in the same folder. (Theoretically this folder does not accumulate papers). Best of luck! Mrs. Teacher
You have my empathy. I'm a middle school teacher who has dealt both personally and professionally with ADHD and I know how frustrating it can be. Kudos to you for getting the 504 and for trying to work with the school.
My own perspective is that while it may technically sound reasonable to ask teachers for up-to-the minute, daily updates about homework or work completion, it is extremely difficult for most teachers to provide this. Given that many middle (and high school) teachers have up to 100 students (and therefore papers) per day, the grading and data entry hours alone are enormous. You are thinking of one child and his papers, but the teacher is seeing 30+ students at a time, choreographing activities, presenting information, dealing with passing periods and collecting papers, often all at the same time.
As for future tests and plans, this, too, is difficult. I've been teaching for over 10 years, and I plan week to week, and sometimes I must review/reteach or alter lesson plans from day to day. Some activities end up taking longer than others, and some material must be retaught. This is why it is very difficult to provide long-term input to parents.
What *can* you ask for? Ask for your child to carry an organizer or daily planner and to use it for daily communication with the teacher. Your child needs to ask the teacher for his/her signature. Have your child stop by after school for a two-minute check in, to review the homework or to show him/her your child's binder. Have your child pair up with a friend to do homework with after school.
Also, is there an academic support class available? Some schools offer study skills or other classes for students to do homework or to work on organizational skills, but I'm not sure this would apply to your child. Can your child be placed in a collaborative class where there are assistants available to help him with organization?
Find someone - perhaps another parent or a sympathetic staff member - who can offer some out-of-the-box alternatives. It's not easy, but it can be done. Good luck and best wishes to you. Johanna
Should I request an IEP for 7 year old with ADHD?
Sept 2004
Is an IEP appropriate for a 7 year old child just diagnoised with AD/HD? Should I request an IEP from the school? We have not yet tried drugs, but I want to get more information before we try them. I wonder if the school/teacher would give him more attention if he has an IEP in place, or if this would lable him. ANy help is really appreciated. Thanks. Mom
How is your child doing in school? Is the ADHD adversely affecting his academics, behavior, or social emotional well being? Ask the teacher how he is doing. Ask her/him if you can have a Student Study Team regarding this current diagnosis. A Student Study Team (SST) is (hopefully) made up of a school psychologist, the principal, the Resource Specialist, the classroom teacher, the parents, and possibly others. Here is where you talk about the childs strengths, get/give some information, discuss the concerns, what are some modifications/ accommodations, and make a plan. It may come up that he is showing some significant learning issues that may warrent further testing for an IEP. If not, and you still think you want something more that lists accommodations given in the classroom you can then request a 504 Plan.This is an Accommodation Plan for all students having (usually) health issues that are interfering with their learning. It is not special education but under the Office of Civil Rights. Let me know if you have any problems or more questions. Liz
ADHD itself is not a sufficient reason for an IEP. It is generally not considered to be a qualifier for special education unless it is impacting your child's learning significantly. Generally this is defined as being at least two years below grade level in one or more subject areas. Also, there has to be a discrepancy between ability and performance i.e. if the child is demonstrating an average or above average IQ and has standardized test scores significantly lower than what they should be then he or she might qualify for special education. You can request testing for an IEP but be aware that you are requesting testing for your child to be placed in special education and that you may not want to do that unless your child really has a learning disability. However, if you feel that your child does have a learning disability along with the ADHD and is not getting the necessary help in class then looking into testing would be the thing to do. Many schools will hesitate to test a child who is in first grade or below, but if the parent requests testing they have to comply. However, you can't request that your child have an IEP- only that he be tested for the school to determine whether or not he will qualify for one. Hope this helps and good luck!
A diagnosis of ADHD does not make your child eligible for an IEP. Only students with one (or more) of the 13 disabilities recognized by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act may receive special education services. So, unless your child has another disability (such as a learning disability, which often occurs concomitantly with ADHD), an IEP is out of the question.
He is, however, eligible for services under section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act (which is a Civil Rights act that deals with access). Called a 504 Plan, this plan is a program of instructional services to assists students with special needs (who don't qualify for special education) in the regular education classroom. The plan should detail strategies for helping you child be more successful in his classroom setting. It may include things like: quiet room for testing, seating close to the teacher or away from distractions, assignment modification, etc. Since anyone can begin the referral process for a 504 Plan, I suggest you make a request in writing to the school district/school asking for a 504 Plan referral. In your request, mention the ADHD diagnosis and include a written record from the physician, neurologist, psychologist or other expert who made the diagnosis. Hopefully, the school will comply and ask you to be a part of the process. At the 504 Plan meeting, you would offer your suggestions for what would help your child be more successful. Here's a link with some more information about 504 Plans. http://www.schwablearning.org/articles.asp?r=777
Medication should ALWAYS be a last resort- something you try when you've tried everything else and your child is still not meeting with success. Many teachers and administrators will suggest medication because it's easier than trying to implement behavior plans and educational plans and doesn't cost the school district anything. As a special educator, I know how important and therapeutic meds are for some kids. But it's important to explore all other options.
Finally, I understand your concern about labels. Our culture is very quick to identify someone with a label. Some labels are good, though. Your reaction to your child's ADHD will have the most impact on how it is perceived. It is important to get your child the help he needs so that he can be a success - that's the label you want for him. Be honest, open and loving about his ADHD and help him understand how it makes him unique. Begin to teach him now how to advocate for himself. And by all means, don't let a thing like a label prevent you from getting him what he needs. You're his voice until he's able to have one himself. Good luck! shari
As a parent of a teenager who also was told in Kindergarden that he needed an IEP, I would say to hold off as long as possible. Schools often try to insist on an IEP to put your child in Special Educ. classes, which he probably doesn't need, and where, unless he is extremely slow, he won't learn much. The reason they do this is because they get much additional funding for everyone they put into Special Educ. Putting my son, at the teacher's recommendation, into a special educ. class, even though it was only for a semester, was the worst thing I ever did to him, and put him behind. He is now a h.s. sophomore and doing fine with the regular curriculum because I worked with him at home every evening (he has ADD & is dyslexic, etc.) and kept him out of special educ. They are still requesting an IEP for him, but at this point, I think it would do more harm than good. Don't do it! a former teacher
I would like to comment on previous responses to this request for advice. They all had useful information and good advice, but there were also things that weren't quite right or partly right. I'm not disputing anyone's personal experience, but adding clarification about the law.
''Schools often try to insist on an IEP to put your child in Special Educ. classes, which he probably doesn't need, and where, unless he is extremely slow, he won't learn much. The reason they do this is because they get much additional funding for everyone they put into Special Educ.''
It is true that districts receive money for each special education student, however, the grants for special education don't begin to approach the costs; districts and general ed parents complain that special education ''encroaches'' (the word makes me cringe) on the general fund.
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act [IDEA] requires that students be educated in the ''least restrictive environment,'' which is the general ed classroom for the large majority. The school is not likely to place a student in a ''special day class'' unless he or she really belongs there. A kid of average intelligence with ADHD, with or without learning disabilities, would not be placed in SDC without some severe behavioral problems, for example.
''Only students with one (or more) of the 13 disabilities recognized by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act may receive special education services. So, unless your child has another disability (such as a learning disability, which often occurs concomitantly with ADHD), an IEP is out of the question.''
ADHD is expressly considered a qualifying condition, usually as Other Health Impaired without other problems. It was added to IDEA in 1999 because a lot of IEP teams didn't realize that it could fit the definition of OHI without being named. A couple of people noted that ADHD has to adversely affect the student's educational performance (which is more than grades) to be a qualifying condition for special education, and that is exactly true. All the other eligibility categories require the same criterion, that to benefit from school, the condition has to adversely affect the child's performance *and* the child needs special education to address the problem. OHI students do not have to demonstrate a discrepancy, though students with learning disabilities must, but California does not require a student be two years behind, as someone suggested. Absent needing special education remediation and support, 504 accommodations may cover what the student needs, and either family or school may request evaluation for special ed or 504.
Regarding medication, one person wrote that "Medication should ALWAYS be a last resort - something you try when you've tried everything else and your child is still not meeting with success."
That's one opinion. I have seen many, many families grapple with the difficult issue of medication. Another view might say that parents may not want their child to have met failure in everything they've tried before trying medication, which after all, is not an irrevocable decision. That's between the doctor and the family. The school can never demand that a child be medicated, though in my opinion it's not out of line for a caring teacher to say something like, "Have you thought of consulting your doctor about medication?" Other people might say that a teacher should never mention medication because they aren't professionally qualified to diagnose and treat, and that they'd be seen to be doing it for their own ends, in order to have a compliant student.
Sorry this was so long, and I hope it made some things clearer. Dana
Slightly similar boat - our oldest is entering Kindergarten next year and is diagnosed with mild ASD w/ ADHD. We're in the middle of going through the IEP process with OUSD, but we ended up getting a placement at Emerson in Temescal (we live in West Oakland) under the understanding that they're the best OUSD school for supporting ASD/ADHD kids. TBD how well that support materializes, but in terms of public schools we've heard from a few different sources that it's the "best" one.
My only other advice is to see if you can hold him back a year? Our son is turning 6 this summer and while I wasn't excited to pay for an extra year of private pre-school, the extra year absolutely made a huge difference in his ability to handle more a more structured environment.
I have two kids in OUSD with ADHD (and anxiety). It's been a mixed bag. Not horrendous but not stellar. Some really great things and some not so great. We are also not in a high demand school, though we are at one of the Spanish-immersion ones.
With oldest kid, who is now in 3rd grade, he was diagnosed almost two years ago after a hellish year of zoom kindergarten and a better year of first grade. The ADHD diagnosis surprised us as we had originally gone in just for anxiety but it makes sense the more we learn about ADHD and our family history of it. We started out on a 504 plan for him and that was easy to do. We then moved to a IEP after his diagnosis so that he could access OT at school. It was a very long process, one which I think put OUSD out of compliance with the law. But ultimately is was very, very thorough and complete. They came away with a very good understanding of my kid, good accommodations and services and we got what we wanted out of it. He is not taking medication. Beyond specific accommodations, he gets pulled out for reading support for 2 30 sessions each week, pulled out for OT one time a week and has two sessions of a 1:1 aide with him for 2 30 minute sessions each week. The communication from his support staff and teachers has been good. I do wish the school would have moved forward with having him evaluated earlier. I feel like they should have known he was struggling earlier and considered him needing services without us asking, but maybe that is unrealistic, especially considering how much zoom kindergarten did to mess up everyone's education his age.
My second kid is in K this year. His ADHD presents a lot differently. We have been talking to people about him having it since he was 3 though he was just diagnosed this fall. He achieves well at school but it is exhausting for him and the he has a lot of negative self talk. We have just started him on medication and are working on getting that right. That process has been difficult with the school as the school nurse is only there a few hours each week and she needs to train the office staff and teachers to make sure he gets it. He started on an IEP for speech at 4 while in private preschool. He's continued on that and we are just now entering into his triennial reevaluation. We have to make a decision about if we want him evaluated for other services or accommodations or just continue with speech. Right now the school is telling us that they don't think he need further evaluation beyond speech as he's at grade level in almost everything. They would rather wait till first grade to do additional testing. As parents, it's hard to tell what the right way forward is here and I don't know which way we'll go.
The school has been very helpful in helping us find our kids counselors for outside support for their ADHD and anxiety. They've made recommendations of providers and also connected us with a non-profit service that helps families find providers.
So, I think my kids are doing fine in academics and socially. They are welcomed and supported at school. They are getting the services they need but it often feels like I as a parent am stumbling around in the dark trying to figure out the best way forward for them and the school sometimes is helpful in figuring that out and sometimes less so. I think whether your kid will do okay in OUSD a lot depends on the school and teachers and how their ADHD is.
I have a kid with ADHD in BUSD and I wouldn’t recommend it. Support is very minimal and there are numerous problems at the school that impact all kids but are extra challenging for a kid with additional struggles. There’s been a lot of principal and teacher turnover, too many beginning teachers, part-time teachers, subs for more than 6 months of the school year, outdated reading curriculum, not enough support staff, etc. Some BUSD schools are better than others but since you won’t actually be able to choose your school I wouldn’t recommend moving to Berkeley expecting great support. It might still be better than your current zoned school but if you are looking to move for the schools I’d look elsewhere.
My kid has ADHD (along with other learning disabilities) and overall has been really well supported in OUSD. Getting a good IEP with appropriate accommodations is crucial; my experience is that teachers have been mindful of the accommodations specified in the IEP. My son also gets additional support from the resource staff which has been really great. He is medicated—ymmv but medication has been crucial for my kid to be able to focus. (He was diagnosed and started meds in 1st grade, is now in 6th, and doing really well in an OUSD middle school.)
One caveat: if you do decide to start meds, wait until your kid has been assessed by OUSD and has an IEP in place before starting. Otherwise they may appear too high functioning to qualify for the IEP! (Meds are great for things like focus, but don’t address other aspects of ADHD like executive functioning challenges—which an IEP can support with.)
My advice is to reach out to the resource team at each school you’re considering to get more information on what kind of support they can provide. My kid didn’t have a diagnosis before elementary, but when we started looking at middle schools, I reached out to the resource staff at the schools we were considering, and that was really helpful, since staffing levels and how they structure services can vary from site to site.
I would recommend joining the Special Needs Parenting /IEP support FB group as you will see many people ask this question about their respective district. Search through old posts and you will find that there is no perfect district, and often a lot depends on the particular needs of the child and the current special education team at the school. Good luck!
OUSD will not support your child. The only school that did was Burbank Preschool Center which has the most teachers with credentials to teach kids with special needs. My son who has HF ASD and SPD went there from age 3-5 and it was a great experience since everyone working there was knowledgeable and had experience working with neurodiverse kids.
I visited every elementary school that had an inclusive program in OUSD prior to applying for my top 3 choices. I wanted to meet the teachers, the inclusion specialist, and the paras. One thing I learned is that its not the school that matters, but the teacher/aides that will be supporting your child. My son was at one of the “top” schools in OUSD funding wise, and still didn’t get the support he needed.
The only district I’ve heard that’s better with neurodiverse kids is Lafayette. My son recently took an extracurricular class at Happy Valley Elementary in Lafayette and its a beautiful school- everything you would expect from a school in Lafayette. The minimal interaction I’ve had with the staff was positive, however, I have no idea what being enrolled there is actually like.
A quarter into second grade at a top OUSD school, I pulled my son out and started homeschooling him. It took a few months for us to adjust, but after receiving support from a local charter school that supports homeschoolers its the best thing I could have done for my son’s education and well being.
He’s always been academically advanced, but I thought enrolling him in OUSD would give him the chance to develop social skills from the neurotypical kids. I also wanted to take advantage of the speech therapy and social skills group provided at OUSD. Bottom line is OUSD like many public and private schools in general are not capable of giving children with special needs the attention they need to succeed. They teach to the average so if your kid is behind or advanced its up to the parents to supplement their child which is what we did anyway knowing that they don’t have the resources.
It was ultimately the bullying and crazy amount of indoctrination that I would no longer tolerate for my son that led me to pull him out of OUSD. While it is more difficult for me than my son, it’s totally worth his happiness, ability to advance educationally, and my peace of mind that he’s in a safe and supportive environment that I know this was the best decision we ever made for him.
Homeschooling is not what people generally think it is which is being at home all the time. I put him in a few in-person extracurricular and academic classes so he’s around kids often. He’s in social skills and OT through my insurance and speech therapy through the charter school. He does a few hours of school work a day and goes to classes throughout the week. He goes to a homeschool PE class and does martial arts twice a week so he gets plenty of physical activity. We can travel and take his work with us whenever we want.
The local homeschooling community is filled with kind, empathetic, and capable teachers, parents, and children many of who are neurodiverse. We’re not meant to fit in a box and as a parent of a neurodiverse kid I can’t help, but feel for my child who absolutely does not fit that box. If you can make homeschooling work for your family I would 1000% do it over traditional school public or private. Look into local public charter schools (Visions, Connecting Waters, etc) which help with structure, support, and funding. Each child gets around $2900 a year to spend on classes, supplies, field trips, etc. If any part of you is considering homeschooling your child, DO IT! :)
I have two ADHD kids with IEPs that have been through several of the schools in West Contra Costa school district and I have been very unhappy with the support provided. I ended up homeschooling my son and putting him in a 3 day a week microschool, Seeds of Love Collective. There are other neurodiverse kids in the program also from Oakland and Berkeley. The connection to nature is exactly what his central nervous system needs. The Montessori School on Cutting and Arlington in El Cerrito is supposed to be good with neurodivergent kids as well as The Berkeley School and Walden. Best of luck!